Symposium Introduction

Contamination of soil mercury (with toxic chemicals and waste industrial), lead (lead smelter and from vehicles), iron, copper, zinc, manganese, nickel, aluminum and other metals (near major centers of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy), radioactive elements (as a result of rainfall from nuclear explosions or disposal of liquid and solid industrial wastes, nuclear power stations or research institutes associated with the study and use of atomic energy), persistent organic compounds, used as a pesticide. They accumulate in the soil and water, and importantly, included in the ecological food chain: moving from the soil and water in plants, animals, and eventually transform into a human body with food.

Inept and uncontrolled use of any fertilizers and pesticides leads to disruption of the circulation of substances in the biosphere. Among the anthropogenic changes in soil erosion is (from the Latin erosio - fret). Destruction of forests and natural grass cover, repeated plowing of land without complying with the rules of farming led to erosion soil - the destruction of topsoil and run-off water and wind. Widely common and most destructive water erosion. It occurs on slopes, and develops if not cultivation. However, melting and rainwater from the fields each year is carried away in the river and the sea, millions of tons of soil.

Wind erosion is most pronounced in the southern steppe regions of our country. It occurs in areas with a dry bare soil, c sparse vegetation. Overgrazing in the steppes and semi - contributes to wind erosion and the rapid destruction of grass cover. For restoring soil layer thickness of 1 cm in natural conditions required 250-300 years.

Considerable areas of soils formed are removed from agricultural turnover due to open ways to develop minerals, occurring at shallow depth.