Symposium Introduction

The principal difference between biocenotic groups of different scales no. Smaller communities are an integral, though otnostitelno autonomous part of a larger, and they, in turn, are parts communities had increased. Thus, all the people living moss and lichen cushions on the trunk of a tree - is part of a larger community organisms associated with this tree, and includes his and subcrustal nastvolnyh inhabitants, the population of the crown, rhizosphere, etc. In turn, this group - only one of the components of the forest biocenosis. The latter is a more complicated complexes, which form in the final account all live cover of the Earth. Thus, organization of life on biocenotic level hierarchical . The increase in community increasing their complexity and the proportion of indirect, indirect links between species.

ecosystem - is any community of living beings, together with its physical habitat, functioning as a whole .

Consideration of the ecosystem is important in cases when it comes to flows matter and energy, circulating between the living and nonliving components nature of the dynamics of the elements that support the existence of life on evolution of communities. No single organism or a population or community generally can not be studied in isolation from the environment. Ecosystem, in fact, it what we call nature.

Ecosystem - a very broad concept and applies to both natural (tundra, Ocean), and to artificial complexes (Aquarium). Therefore, to refer elementary natural ecosystem ecologists also use the term " biogeocoenosis ".

Biogeocoenosis - historically evolved set of living organisms (biocenose) and the abiotic environment, together with the plot of land occupied by them surface (biotope). Border biogeocoenose installed along the border plant community (phytocenotic) - a major component biogeocenoses. Each biogeocoenose has different types of real-energy exchange.

So, biogeocoenosis - is an integral part of the natural landscape and elementary bioterritorialnaya unit biosphere . All natural ecosystems are interconnected, and together form a living shell of the Earth, which can be regarded as the largest ecosystem, which is called the biosphere.