Symposium Introduction

Evolution of the biosphere worked toward growing complexity of biological communities, multiplying the number of species and improve their adaptability. Evolutionary process was accompanied by an increase in the efficiency of energy conversion and substances in biological systems: organisms, populations, communities. The peak of the evolution of life on Earth was the man who as a biological view on the basis of numerous changes have not only consciousness (perfect form of maps of the world), but also the ability to make and use tools of his life.

Through tools mankind has begun to create actual artificial environment of their habitats (settlements, shelter, clothing, food food, machinery and much more). Since then the evolution of the biosphere came into new phase, where the human factor has become a powerful driving force of nature.

The biosphere and man. Noosphere.

The term "noosphere" was offered v1927 by the French mathematician and philosopher E. Leroy. "Noos" - an ancient Greek name of the human mind.

The first man-made culture-Palaeolithic (Stone Age) - continued approximately 20-30 thousand years. It coincided with a prolonged period of glaciation.

The economic basis of human society has been hunting for large animals: a noble and reindeer, woolly rhinoceros, donkey, horse, mammoth tour. At the parking rights of the Stone Age are numerous bones of wild animals - evidence of successful hunting. Intensive destruction large herbivores led to a relatively rapid reduction in their size and the disappearance of many species. If small herbivores could compensate the losses from persecution by hunters high birth rates, the large animals because of evolutionary history, were deprived of this opportunity.

Further difficulties arose due to changes in natural conditions in late Paleolithic period. 10-12 thousand years ago came a sharp warming, retreated glaciers, forests spread in Europe, extinct large animals. This created new conditions of life, disrupt the economic base of human society. Finished the period of its development, characterized by only use of food, ie purely consumer attitudes towards environmental environment.