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Symposium Introduction
Evolution of the biosphere.
All components of the biosphere is closely interact with each other, forming
holistic, complex organized system, evolving on its domestic
laws and under the influence of external forces, including space (solar
radiation, gravitational forces, magnetic fields of the Sun, Moon and other celestial
tel)
According to modern concepts, the development of a lifeless geosphere, ie shell
formed. the substance of the Earth, took place in the early stages of existence
our planet billions of years ago. Changing face of the Earth were associated with
geological processes taking place in the earth's crust on the surface and in the
deep layers of the planet and found expression in volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes, shifting of the earth's crust, orogeny. Such processes
place and now lifeless planets of the solar system and their satellites
- Mars, Venus, Moon.
With the emergence of life (of self-sustainable forms), at first slowly and
weakly, then faster and faster and more significant was the apparent influence of living
matter on the Earth's geological processes.
Activities of living matter, and reached all corners of the planet, led to
emergence of a new education - the biosphere - are closely interconnected single
of geological and biological bodies and processes of energy conversion
and substance. Size of transformations implemented by living matter, have reached
planetary scale, substantially altered appearance and evolution of the Earth.
For example, in the process of photosynthesis - of green
plants formed the modern gas composition of the atmosphere, it appeared
oxygen. In turn, significantly affects the activity of photosynthesis
concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the presence of moisture and heat.
Soil is entirely the result of living matter in the stagnant
(nonliving) environment. Decisive role in this process belongs to the climate,
topography, activities of microorganisms and plants, and parent material.
Biosphere, emerging and established and formed 1.2 billion years ago (at this time
are first discovered the remains of living organisms), is
constant dynamic equilibrium and development .
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