Symposium Introduction

Energy Balance consuments develops as follows. Absorbed food is usually not completely absorbed. Undigested portion of returns in external environment (in the form of faeces) and may be further involved in other food chain. Percentage digestibility depends on the composition of food and recruitment digestive enzymes of the organism. In animals, absorption of food material varies from 12-20% (some saprophagous) to 75% or more (carnivorous species). Assimilated by the organism together with a supply of food in it energy is expended in two ways. Most of the energy used in maintenance work processes in cells, and the decomposition products are subject to removal from the body in the excreta (urine, sweat, secretions of various glands) and carbon dioxide formed during respiration. Energy costs the maintenance of all the metabolic processes conventionally called a waste of breath because general their magnitude can be estimated, taking into account the allocation of carbon gas body. The lower part of the digestion of food transforms into the very fabric organism, ie is the growth or delaying replacement of nutrients increase in body weight.

The transfer of energy in chemical reactions in the body is under the second law of thermodynamics, with the loss of part of it in the form of heat. Especially These losses are great when working animal cells, the efficiency of which is very low. In Ultimately all energy used in metabolism, transformed into thermal and dissipated in the surrounding space.