Symposium Introduction

The organisms of any kind are a potential food of many other species. Enemies of aphids, for example, are the larvae of beetles and ladybirds, larvae of flies Syrphidae, spiders, insectivorous birds and many others. Due to the oaks in deciduous forests can live hundreds of different forms arthropods phytonematodes, parasitic fungi, etc. Predators usually easily switch from one mode to the other victims, and many of the animal except food can consume a certain amount and vegetation. Thus , Trophic network in biocenoses very complex, and it seems that energy flowing into them, long may migrate from one organism to another. In fact, the way each individual portion of energy accumulated green plants, short, it can be transmitted not more than 4.6 number of units, consisting of sequentially feeding each other organisms. These series, where you can track the spending initial dose of energy, called the supply chain. Place each link in the chain

Power called trophic levels. First trophic level - it is always producers, makers of organic matter, vegetable consuments are the second trophic level, carnivores, living on the herbivorous forms - the third; consume other carnivores - the fourth and so So way distinguish consuments first, second and third orders occupy different levels in the supply circuits. Naturally, the main role in

This is specialty food consumers. Species with a wide range food included in the food chain at different trophic levels. So, For example, a man in a diet which includes both plant foods and meat herbivorous and carnivorous animals, appears in different food chains as Consumer's first, second and third orders. Species that specialized on plant foods, for example, Lagomorpha, ungulates, are always second link in the supply circuits.