Symposium Introduction

Ecosystem organization of life is a prerequisite for its existence. The reserves of nutrients that comprise the body alive organisms on Earth as a whole and for each specific site on its surface Imperfect. Only a system of gyres was able to give these stocks a property infinity, necessary for the continuation of life. Support and implement cycle can only functionally different groups of organisms. So way, ecological diversity of living creatures and the organization of the flow extracted from the environment of substances in cycles - an ancient feature of life .

Lifesupport and cycling of matter in ecosystems possible only due to the constant influx of energy. Ultimately all Life on Earth exists due to solar radiation, which translated photosynthetic organisms in the chemical bonds of organic compounds. All living beings are subject to supply other, ie interconnected power relations. Food respect in communities - Are mechanisms of energy transfer from one organism to another. Each community trophic links are intertwined in a complex network.

Trophic relations - a connection that arise when one species feeds on others -- or living individuals, or their dead remains, or their products life. And dragonflies, catching on the fly, other insects, and beetles dung beetles that feed on dung of large ungulates, and bees collect nectar plants come into direct trophic links with species that provide them food. Any impact of one species to another eaten (or availability of food for him) should be regarded as indirect trophic relationship between them. For example, caterpillars of butterflies nuns, eating pine needles, facilitate access to bark weakened trees.