Symposium Introduction

Inadequate utilization of products of litter decomposition in the chains has the effect accumulation of organic matter that occurs, for example, zatorfovyvanii swamps, overgrown shallow waters. Biomass community balanced cycle of matter has remained relatively constant since virtually all primary production is spent for food and Reproduction.

Most important practical result of the energy approach to the study ecosystem was the implementation of research on the International Biological program, conducted by scientists around the world since 1969 in to explore the potential biological productivity of the Earth. World distribution of primary biological production is extremely uneven.

The largest absolute increase in the plant world reaches an average of 25 g day in very favorable terms. Large areas of productivity not exceed 0,1 g / m (hot desert and polar desert). Total annual production of dry organic matter on Earth is 150-200 billion tons. About a third of its forms in the oceans, about two-thirds - on land. Almost all of the net primary production of the Earth is to sustain life of all heterotrophic organisms. Energy, Consumer's underutilized, stored in their bodies, organic sediments of reservoirs and gumose soil.

Effectiveness of binding vegetation, solar radiation decreases with lack of heat and moisture, with adverse physical and chemical soil properties, etc. The productivity of the vegetation changes not only transition from one climatic zone to another, but also within each zone. For the five continents of the world average productivity varies relatively few. Exception is South America, most of which conditions for the development of vegetation is very favorable.